—–. 1989. The new Syntax and you can Semantics out of Verb Morphology during the Progressive Aramaic: An excellent Jewish Dialect out of Iraqi Kurdistan. American Oriental Collection, 69. New Refuge: Western China Society.
Meehan, Charles, and Jacqueline Alon. 1979. The latest Son Whose Tunic Caught in order to Your: A Folktale regarding Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect out of Zakho (Iraqi Kurdistan). Israel China Studies nine:174-203.
Sabar, Yona. 1976. Lel-Huza: Tale and you may Record when you look at the a period out of Lamentations towards Ninth out of Ab about Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect away from Zakho. JSS -62.
—–. 1988. The book out of Exodus into the Neo-Aramaic about Dialect of Jewish People off Zakho [Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Magnes Drive.
Such six binyanim from Syriac was indeed lower in NENA so you can one or two very first categories, with a 3rd closely allied into the 2nd
Thomason, Sarah Grey, and Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Language Get in touch with, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley and you can La: Univ. regarding California Press.
The original category descends from the new peal, next classification from the pael, and 3rd, whoever vocalism follows that another, is derived from the afel
Other grounds complicating the challenge ‘s the differential influences of the individuals co-territorial dialects. This new dialect distinctions contained in this Kurdish are particularly considerable, also to their impact is tracked a few of the adaptation certainly NENA languages. For example, the fresh new Jewish Neo-Aramaic out-of Halabja, such as the Kurdish of your town, cannot distinguish a gift and you may coming demanding, but where Kurdish retains including a big difference, so does Neo-Aramaic. During the Azerbaijan, Turkish keeps exerted solid affect new Jewish dialect (Garbell 1965b), together with dialects of the ordinary from Mosul show a strong influence out-of Arabic not seen someplace else.
Tkhuma (Tx): The language off descendants of emigrants from a single of your semi-separate ashirets away from the southern area of Poultry, today citizen over the Khabur Valley within the Syria. Information is from Jacobi (1973) and you will my personal notes.
(5) Syriac got about three very first verbal stems, this new peal, the pael, and also the afel. To those were added three inactive stems, designed in the basic of those from the prefixation of elizabeth[Theta]-: the latest age[Theta]pael, the fresh new age[Theta]paal, while the ettafal. This situation can be acquired throughout the NENA. In most NENA dialects, verbs tend to remain in the latest verb classes in which these were utilized in earlier grade of language. That’s, the new descendant from an effective Syriac peal verb was an excellent NENA Category We verb, and you may a great Syriac pael verb could well be good NENA Category II verb: eg, Urmi ptaxa ‘open’ from before peal, and you will https://www.datingranking.net/de/dating-in-ihren-30ern sadure ‘send’ regarding prior to pael. But not, in Jewish Azerbaijani, Halabja, and maybe Koy Sanjaq, the course subscription has been reorganized and is foreseeable towards base of the form of the new stalk rather than their historic supply. Eg, in the Azerbaijani new C stalk contains the mode CaCoC- to possess voice verbs, whatever their resource, and you can CCaC- to possess center-poor verbs: garosen ‘I was pulling’, but kwasan ‘I (f.) was descending’ (Garbell 1965, 64).
(11) Several other very extreme innovation when you look at the NENA is the third people copula that have l: ile ‘he is’, ila ‘she is’. This type get derive (Noldeke 1868, 203) regarding i[Theta] leh ‘he has’, but zero copula want it is positioned external NENA. The first and you can second individual lack an l, but in the Jewish Azerbaijani, in which the l might have been general from the paradigm: Jilu iwIt ‘you (masc.) are’, Aradhin we:profit ‘I (masc.) am’, Azerbai big’ (Garbell 1965, 64). ile is while in the NENA except inside Halabja, which includes -(y)e: yarxa rahamim-ye ‘it ‘s the week regarding mercy’. None Turoyo nor Mandaic keeps forms synchronous in order to ile: Turoyo harke-yo ‘he is actually here’, harke-zero ‘I was here’; Mandaic basim-ye ‘he is actually charming’, basim-na ‘I in the morning charming’ (Macuch 1965, 443).
(19) The old Aramaic keyword to possess ‘son’, bra into the BT, has been extended in all NENA except Hertevin from the addition of the diminutive suffix -ona/-una: Azerbaijan Jewish brona (Garbell 1965, 297), Jilu bruna (Fox 1992, 51), Aradhin bru:na (Krotkoff 1982, 122), Tisqopa brona (Rubba, personal interaction), Zakho brona (Meehan and you can Alon 1979, 177). But not, both Turoyo and Mandaic provides an enthusiastic epenthetic vowel, but zero suffix: Turoyo ?abro (Jastrow 1985, 221), and you can Mandaic eber otherwise ebra (Macuch 1965, 520).
b) Occasionally, Hertevin aligns having Turoyo, contrary to the rest of NENA. It lacks an effective CCaCa establish demanding (6), doesn’t have sodir preterite (12), has no preposition ta (15), and you can uses ruh to create reflexive pronouns (14).
—–. 1965. The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect off Persian Azerbaijan: Linguistic Investigation and you may Folkloristic Texts. Janua Linguarum, collection practica step three. The fresh Hague: Mouton.
